المراجع والموارد

للتحميل والاطلاع

المراجع

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2. 2.AHA/ACC/ESC/WHF Expert Consensus: Second Universal Definition of Heart Failure (2026). Circulation. 2026.
3. 3.NICE. Chronic heart failure in adults: diagnosis and management (NG106). Updated 2025.
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8. 8.Hinkle JL, et al. Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. 16th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2025.